نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 138، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399)

The prevalence of coronavirus worldwide has led to severe limitations including reduced physical activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a period of inactivity due to the outbreak of coronavirus on the body composition and maximum oxygen consumption of adolescents.

In the present quasi-experimental study conducted in 2020, 178 male adolescents (mean age 13.85 05 0.057 years) participated voluntarily. Indicators such as height, weight, body mass index and maximum oxygen consumption were measured in two time intervals with an interval of 6 months as pre-test and post-test. Cooper test was used to determine the maximum aerobic capacity. After data collection, first the normality of the data was calculated using the K-s test and then the pre-test data were compared with the post-test using the dependent t-test. Correlated t-test was used to analyze the mean values ​​of pre-test and post-test data.

The results of the present study indicated that lifestyle changes due to the spread of coronavirus caused the mean weight index to change from (50.34 ± 0.79) to (54.25 ± 0.89) and body mass. Change from (19.64 ± 0.26) to (20.26 ± 0.29) and the maximum oxygen consumption likewise changes from (31.04 ± 0.29) to (30.12 ± 0.27). From these effects, it could be understood that COVID-19 causes a significant increase in body mass index (p = 0.001), weight (p = 0.001) and also a significant decrease in maximum oxygen consumption (p = 0.032).

According to the results of the present study, it can be noted that a six-month period of inactivity caused by the outbreak of coronavirus causes changes in body composition and therefore threatens health.

Government action during the Covid 19 pandemic have placed many restrictions on daily life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of social distance plan in the conditions of Corona virus on physical activity and mood state of the people of Isfahan citizens.

the present descriptive-analytical study that was conducted during the quarantine due to the prevalence of covid -19 disease. A total of 411 (131 males and 280 females) residents of Isfahan entered the study and completed the International online physical activity short form (GPAQ) questionnaire from April 1 to June 2, 2016. Also, a 16-item short evaluation questionnaire (POMS) was used to assess participantschr('39') moods. Analysis of variance with repeated measures, univariate analysis of variance and regression were used to answer the basic questions of this study.

a significant decrease was seen in the intensity and number of weekly sessions of physical activity in terms of social distance compared to the previous period (p = 0.001). 11.8% of the subjects reduced the duration of their training session due to social distance and increased it by 5%, while 83.2% of the subjects did not change the duration of their training session (p = 0.001). Correspondingly, people who did not change the number of weekly sessions of physical activity during the period of social distance compared to before (p = 0.001), had a better mood in the positive components and all in the negative components (p = 0.001).

While social distance is an essential measure to protect public health, the results revealed that it reduces the level of physical activity that may endanger physical and mental health. These observations have potentially important implications that can help with the recommendations for physical activity to maintain health during illness.

SARS-COVID-2 is a single-strand RNA, β-coronavirus strand that causes COVID-19 disease,which The virus has caused a worldwide epidemic. The new virus is responsible for the development of acute pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome is another type of coronavirus that originated in Saudi Arabia and has caused a regional epidemic. Despite some similarities between Covid 19 and other coronavirus-related diseases, some of its CT scan and clinical findings remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between Covid 19 and Mers disease in different stages of the disease in terms of clinical aspects and CT scan.

For this review study, in order to identify related articles, among the databases of Pabmad, Google Sclar, Scopus and Web of Science with the keywords "COVID-19", "MERS-CoV", "Computed Tomography" and "Chest The search was completed and 30 articles were found. Among them, 21 English-language articles related to SARS were collected and relevant statistical information was collected.

At first glance, Covid 19 has a much lower mortality rate than MERS. The death rate is 3.2% in Corona and 4.24% in Mers. The most common radiological signs found in Covid 19 and Mercer are frosted glass (GGO), lung consolidation, and GGO coated lung consolidation. Fever, cough, headache and sore throat are the most common clinical symptoms of these two diseases and in the next categories of shortness of breath and ARDS are seen in patients with severe symptoms.

No statistically significant difference was seen in the mean number of chest CT scan findings between Covid 19 and MERS patients except in pleural effusion.

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest is a common tool for imaging in pneumonia that is relatively easy and quick to detect. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the different characteristics of CT scan of patients with COVID-19 in Ahvaz hospitals.

The present survey was a descriptive-analytical retrospective study conducted in 2020. The statistical population included all patients referred to Corona Specialized Hospital who had positive COVID-19 and RT-PCR test and are hospitalized for treatment. Of these, 40 (22 men and 18 women) were included in the study. Patients who refused a CT scan of the chest or hospitalization, any coronary syndrome, any aortic or pulmonary embolism, or who were reluctant to participate were excluded from the study. All scans were reviewed and reported by a radiologist. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test.

Image analysis indicated that multiple involvement was observed in 37 cases (92.5%). Frosted glass opacity (GGO) was more observed in the posterior sections (p <0.001). Consolidation was more common in the posterior sections, with the posterior section of the right lower lobe (RLL) being more involved (p <0.001). Crazy paving was more common in part 6 of the right middle lobe (15%) (p <0.001). Halo and reversed halo were observed in only 1 patient (2.5) and 2 (5%), respectively.

In conclusion, a typical CT-Scan sign obtained for patients with COVID-19 in Ahvaz, Iran, was multipolar bilateral sub pleural ground-glass opacity (most seen in RLL posterior segment) followed by consolidation and crazy paving.

Traumatic pandemics have been repeated periodically in human kind history. Covid 19 or coronavirus is one of the last and most pervasive until yet. Adherence to quarantine and attention to health related protocols are the most effective strategies for prevention from this pandemic and therefore warranting the social health. Therefore the recognition of effective and associated factors in this area is important. The present study was designed to assess quarantine and health related protocols adherence and some related factors.

The present study was conducted by internet questionnaires via social networks on 202 participants during quarantine days in January 2020.In the present study, one researcher made questionnaire and NEO5 personality questionnaire were used to assess aimed factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

According to the results of the study, about 67% of people over 75 adhered to the principles of quarantine and 72% adhered to the same guidelines. On the other hand, the results showed that in both fields (adherence to quarantine at the level of 0.06 and observance of instructions 0.001 were significant) women had higher scores than men. Accordingly, the urban population had a higher score than the rural population in the amount of investment to fight the corona and follow the announcement of the trustees. In terms of investment, married people had a higher score (significance 0.04). Regarding age, only the rate of participation in voluntary activities by the group of 20 to 35 years was almost significantly different (0.06). The results correspondingly revealed that the literacy variable in these behaviors, especially the willingness to invest (significant 0.03) and following the instructions of trustees (0.04) had a significant difference which had higher scores in both doctoral and higher literacy. In the field of job variability, the results indicated that the treatment staff reported the highest score in adherence to the principles. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between personality traits and adherence to the two mentioned issues.

This study revealed that the rate of quarantine and observance of hygienic principles was higher than most reports elsewhere. On the other hand, the degree of quarantine adherence and observance of health principles had a significant relationship with the variables of gender, residence, age, occupation, education and marriage and there was no significant relationship in terms of personality traits.

The prevalence of Covid 19 disease has different consequences in economic, social and psychological levels. Anxiety is one of the psychological consequences of this disease. Some individual variables, such as defense mechanisms has important role in anxiety. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between the use of various defense mechanisms and the anxiety of corona virus.

The present descriptive correlational study was conducted in 2020. The statistical population of the study was selected from all people aged 20 to 80 years in the southern provinces of the country, including Fars, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Isfahan. Sampling method was available and based on the consent of individuals for cooperation. This method was selected due to Covid 19 disease limitations. The anxiety questionnaires and Andrewsm singh and Bond defense mechanisms were completed virtually through social networks. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression tests.

The results revealed that high levels of Coronavirus anxiety (in physical and mental dimensions) were positively correlated with high scores in psychologically disturbed and underdeveloped defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms furthermore predicted 58% of Coronavirus anxiety. Based on beta coefficients, among the three defense mechanisms, the highest positive and statistically significant effect power was not statistically related to the defense mechanism (β=29) and the lowest effect was the psychologically disturbed defense mechanism (β=21) and the defense mechanism was developed. It had a negative predictive power(β= -27).

The results disclosed that proper use of defense mechanisms is one of the ways to maintain mental health and in dealing with any crisis, apart from health measures, attention to intrapersonal variables, especially in the field of defense styles and confrontations, can help to develop more complete and indigenous treatment protocols.

 Acute respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19), which was identified in December 2019, is rapidly progressing and spreading in the world and has been identified by the World Health Organization as a major global threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and investigate the relationship between underlying diseases and hospitalization in intensive care units in patients with Covid-19 in Yasuj.

Among the patients referred to the infectious department of Shahid Jalil Hospital in Yasuj, 48 real positive patients were selected based on clinical diagnostic tests (RT. PCR diagnostic test). Determination of underlying diseases was based on self-declaration during the questionnaire as well as patientschr('39') clinical history.

Of the 48 patients admitted with COVID-19, 46% (23 patients) were reported to be patients with underlying disease, of which 20.83% were related to hypertension, 12.5% to diabetes, and 8.33% to ischemic heart disease (IDH), 4.34% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 2% had nominal disease. 20% of patients were admitted to the ICU. There was also a positive and significant relationship between hypertension, diabetes, myocardial ischemia and ICU admission.

Patients with any underlying disease had poorer clinical outcomes than those without the disease. More underlying diseases are also associated with poorer clinical outcomes and the need for hospitalization in the ICU.

Covid-19 is a new virus that the human immune system is not immune to. In addition to physical problems, the virus also has negative psychological consequences. The aim of the present study was to compare resilience, happiness and lifestyle in patients with covid-19 and healthy individuals.

This descriptive-analytical case study was conducted in 2020. The statistical population of the study was all patients with coronavirus hospitalized and healthy patients in Al-Ghadir Hospital in Tabriz in April 2020. Thirty patients with Covid-19 were hospitalized and 30 healthy individuals were selected from the hospital with accessibility and Connor and Davidson resilience, Oxford happiness and Miller and Smith lifestyle questionnaires were administered among them. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and Levin test. 

The mean and standard deviation of reproductive scores in patients with Covid -19 was 71/90 ±22/35 and in healthy people was 96/70 ±17/20; The mean and standard deviation of happiness scores in patients with Covid -19 was 21/40±3/81 and in healthy people 23/33±2/80 and the mean and standard deviation of lifestyle scores in patients with Covid -19 equal to 68/53 ± 9/78 and in healthy people was 73/43±9/36. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the scores of resilience, happiness and lifestyle were lower among people with Quaid-19 than healthy people (P <0.05).

Given the increasing prevalence of coronary heart disease, it is better for the countrychr('39')s authorities to take psychological measures to increase resilience, happiness and a healthy lifestyle in patients with Covid-19 who have been exposed to mental and emotional disorde

Maternal infections are the most important risk factors to fetal health in humans, most of which are caused by viral agents. Viruses are among the most contagious infectious agents that can cause many complex and irreversible complications, including; Stunted growth, intracranial calcification, microcephaly and fetal death. The aim of the present study was to report a case of stillbirth in the second trimester in a pregnant woman infected with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).

Case Report: 

A 23-year-old woman with a first gestation and a gestational age of 23 weeks based on the first day of her last menstrual period, with fever symptoms and complaints of pain in the abdomen and flanks, along with a referral for a gynecologist (UTI) and to check the possibility of kidney infection refer to the gynecology department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Kazerun. An ultrasound performed one hour after the mother was admitted indicated that the fetus was healthy, but the next morning during the examination, the mother showed signs of severe shortness of breath and the fetal heart rate was not heard. The motherchr('39')s lungs were scanned immediately and her infection with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) may alter immune responses in the mother-fetus relationship and jeopardize the potential risks of a cytokine storm following maternal infection.

Following the physiological adaptation changes in pregnancy, respiratory problems increase in pregnant women, so given the current state of the new coronavirus epidemic, it is necessary to provide more care of pregnant women.

New Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Syndrome 2 is responsible for Covid 19 infection which is transmitted from human to human through respiratory secretions and contact. But there is no clear evidence of intrauterine transmission in infants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to report a case of vertical intrauterine transmission of neonatal Covid-19 (SARS-COV2) disease in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, Iran.

The patient is a one-day-old single-twin baby with a positive PCR test from a normal delivery from a mother with a positive PCR referred to the maternity ward of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, that baby was born to a mother with active Covid 19 infection. According to the clinical and laboratory information provided from the infant with positive PCR, the clinical and general condition of the infant at birth and subsequent fallopian tubes were normal and the disease in the infant was asymptomatic.

Findings from this report support the vertical intrauterine transfer of Covid-19 from mother to infant.